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1 2 Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, Akhbar Universiti Minnesota, ms. 352, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6
↑ Goldman, E. A. (1964). Classification of wolves. In The Wolves of North America Bahagian 2. Young, S. P. & Goldman, E. A. (Eds.) New York: Dover Publs. ms. 430.
1 2 3 Clutton-Brock, J., A. C. Kitchener, & J. M. Lynch. (1994) Changes in the skull morphology of the Arctic wolf, Canis lupus arctos, during the twentieth century. Journal of Zoology (London) 233:19–36.
↑ Mech, L. D., Arctic Wolves and Their Prey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 30 Mei 2007
↑ Sverdrup, O. N., (1918), New land; four years in the Arctic regions, Jil. I, London Longmans, Green, ms. 431–432
↑ Linnell, J.D.C., et al (2002), The Fear of Wolves: A Review of Wolf Attacks on Humans, NINA, ms. 29–31, ISBN 82-426-1292-7
↑ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". dalam Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (edisi 3rd). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
↑ Chambers SM, Fain SR, Fazio B, Amaral M (2012). "An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses". North American Fauna. 77: 1–67. Dicapai 2 Julai 2013. Selenggaraan CS1: Menggunakan parameter authors (link)

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